To solve problems using a computer, it is necessary to present the problems in a format that the computer can understand. For this, programming languages are used. Programming languages provide a way to develop programs for any platform without delving too deeply into the internals of the computer or dealing much with concepts like 0 and 1. Programming languages, just like spoken languages, have their own syntax and grammar structure.
The historical development of programming languages has progressed in parallel with the hardware evolution of computers. Essentially, its history dates back to the 1800s. In 1837, the English professor Charles Babbage developed a sequence of instructions for multipurpose use, called the Analytical Engine Order Code. He worked on this system until 1871. Although it didn’t become widespread due to some issues, this is considered the first programming language.
In 1946, the first electronic digital computer, ENIAC, for which the “ENIAC Coding System” was developed, became very popular. This language was later followed by Eniac Short Code, ARC Assembly in 1947, Curry Notation System in 1948, and Brief Code and C-10 in 1949.
The mid-20th century was when the foundations of modern programming languages were laid. In 1951, Regional Assembly Language was developed, followed by Autocode in 1952, Fortran in 1954, LISP and Algol in 1958, Cobol in 1959, APL and Simula in 1962, and Basic and PL/I in 1964.
Then, Pascal was developed in 1970, C, Smalltalk, and Prolog in 1972, ML in 1973, and SQL in 1978.
By the 1980s, programming languages that could be used to develop applications for larger systems were developed. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) became widely discussed. Ada and C++ were developed in 1983, Eiffel in 1985, Perl in 1987, and FL (Function Level) in 1989.
With the global spread of the internet, the 1990s became known as the years when the internet was integrated into programming languages. Haskell and Python were developed in 1990, Java in 1991, Ruby in 1993, PHP and Delphi in 1995, and C# in 2000. Over time, programming languages have become closer to spoken languages rather than machine languages.
Development Process 1: Machine Languages
They emerged with the initial development of computers. They are called machine languages because they depend on the characteristics of the computer hardware. Commands were directly transmitted to the processor, making them very difficult to learn.
Development Process 2: Assembly Languages
Compared to machine languages, these languages are easier to understand and are generally called assembly languages. Instead of long commands, abbreviations and command sets are used. These languages still require programming tailored to the machine. Assembly languages are still used today for programming special hardware and in the core software of operating systems.
Development Process 3: Structured Languages
These are high-level structured languages that are closer to English than machine and assembly languages. With these languages, the dependency on a specific computer was eliminated, allowing programs written on one computer to run on another without modification.
Development Process 4: Solution-Oriented Languages
These languages are faster and easier compared to their predecessors. They aim to develop practical solutions for special requirements with fewer lines of code, thanks to wizards and ready-made templates.
Development Process 5:
In this process, when conditions and constraints are entered into the computer, it finds the solution itself. It operates using declarative methods and is generally used in artificial intelligence research.
Thus, I have shared with you a brief look at the history of programming languages, which are the source of many games, applications, websites, and electronics such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, GTA, Need for Speed, smart homes, and refrigerators that take up a large space in our lives. After all, it’s important to know where we come from in this age :)”
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